When cells divide abnormally and uncontrollably, they can form a mass or lump of tissue. This lump is called a tumor. Bone tumors form in your bones. As the tumor grows, abnormal tissue can displace healthy tissue. Tumors can either be benign or malignant. Benign tumors aren’t cancerous. While benign bone tumors typically stay in place and are unlikely to be fatal, they’re still abnormal cells and may require treatment. Benign tumors can grow and could compress your healthy bone tissue and cause future issues.
Benign tumors can occur in any bone of the skeleton. Some types of tumors are most common in specific locations such as the spine or near the growth plates of the largest bones. In general, the most common bones involved are also the largest, the femur, tibia, humerus, and pelvis.
Pain is the most common symptom of bone cancer, but not all bone cancers cause pain. Persistent or unusual pain or swelling in or near a bone can be caused by cancer or by other conditions. Other symptoms of bone cancer include a lump (that may feel soft and warm) in the arms, legs, chest, or pelvis; unexplained fever; and a bone that breaks for no known reason. It is important to see a doctor to determine the cause of any bone symptoms.
A palpable lump or swelling can be the first sign of a benign tumor. However, the most common sign is persistent or increasing pain in the region of the tumor. Sometimes tumors are discovered only after a fracture occurs where the bone has been weakened by the growth of the tumor.
Pain associated with a bony lesion is cause for immediate concern.
There are a few common types of benign bone tumors:
Many times the surgery is very straightforward and includes a biopsy for the tissue to be studied under the microscope. Once confirmation is made of the diagnosis as a benign lesion, usually the lesion will be curetted (scraped out) and bone grafted. It is unusual to have major problems with this type of surgery. However, risks include nerve injury, infection, bleeding, and stiffness.
Primary bone cancer refers to cancers which start in the bone. These are different to secondary bone cancers which started in other parts of the body and later spread to the bones. Bone cancers are tumours which have the potential to spread to other parts of the body. These are different to benign (non-cancerous) bone tumours which do not spread. Benign bone tumours are more common than malignant (cancerous) bone tumours.
There are over 200 bones in the human body, any of these can be affected by cancer. However, certain types of bone cancer are more common in specific bones. Osteosarcoma is most commonly found in the bones around the knee. Ewing's sarcoma is more common in the upper leg, pelvis and other bones of the trunk. The pelvis is the most frequent location for chondrosarcoma. Nevertheless, it is possible for these cancers to affect any bone in the body.
Symptoms of bone cancer vary from person to person and depending on the location and size of the cancer. The most common symptoms are pain and swelling or tenderness in the affected area. Sometimes bone cancer can interfere with movement and can weaken the bones, occasionally leading to a fracture. Other symptoms of cancer may include tiredness, fever, weight loss, and anaemia.
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